A non-cancerous cyst formed in the ovary which is filled with fluid is called an ovarian cyst. They can be of varied sizes and may develop in different parts of the ovary. Sometimes, the follicle containing the eggs may not rupture. As a result, this may swell with fluid. Ovarian cysts are harmless which may not show any significant symptoms. Symptoms listed below can be seen in certain cases:
- Mild pain in the abdomen
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Hair growth on the body and on face
- Irregular, heavy or absent menstrual cycle
- There can be sharp abdominal pain, fever and vomiting if the cyst ruptures
- Frequent and painful urination (if the cyst presses against the bladder)
Pelvic examination, vaginal sonogram, Ultrasound, CT and Laparoscopy may be required for diagnosing ovarian cyst. Ovarian cysts are of two types- Functional ovarian cysts and non-functional ovarian cysts. Cysts that are formed as part or variant of the normal menstrual cycle are called functional and those which are not formed as a variant of the menstrual cycle are called non-functional ovarian cysts.
In most cases, ovarian cysts fade away over time. Surgery is required only if there is a chance for them to be malignant. In such cases, cyst will be removed through surgery. Laparoscopy can be used for the same. Recurrent cyst development can be controlled using birth control pills.